循环外泌体相关生物标志物在结直肠癌诊断中的研究进展

doi:10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-3224.2024.04.001

中华结直肠疾病电子杂志 ›› 2024, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (04) : 265 -273. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-3224.2024.04.001

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循环外泌体相关生物标志物在结直肠癌诊断中的研究进展

季鹏程¹, 鄂一民², 陆晨¹, 喻春钊³^,^†(

)

^1. 211112　南京医科大学附属逸夫医院普外科
^2. 210011　南京医科大学第二附属医院普外科
^3. 211112　南京医科大学附属逸夫医院普外科;210011　南京医科大学第二附属医院普外科

收稿日期:2024-05-06 出版日期:2024-08-25
通信作者: 喻春钊
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(82373293); 国家重点研发计划(2018YFE0127300); 江苏省卫生健康委员会研究项目(ZD2022063); 江苏省“333工程”培养资金(BRA2020091); 江苏省科技计划重点项目(BE2019759)

Research progress of circulating exosome-related biomarkers in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer

Pengcheng Ji¹, Yimin E², Chen Lu¹, Chunzhao Yu³^,^†()

^1. Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211112, China
^2. Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, China
^3. Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211112, China;Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, China

Received:2024-05-06 Published:2024-08-25
Corresponding author: Chunzhao Yu

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引用本文：

季鹏程, 鄂一民, 陆晨, 喻春钊. 循环外泌体相关生物标志物在结直肠癌诊断中的研究进展[J]. 中华结直肠疾病电子杂志, 2024, 13(04): 265-273.

Pengcheng Ji, Yimin E, Chen Lu, Chunzhao Yu. Research progress of circulating exosome-related biomarkers in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer[J]. Chinese Journal of Colorectal Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2024, 13(04): 265-273.

结直肠癌是全球第三大常见的恶性肿瘤，早期诊断能够显著改善患者的预后和生存质量，但现有筛查诊断方法仍存在局限性，急需寻找新的替代方法。外泌体作为细胞间通讯的关键介质和信息载体，在肿瘤发生和发展中具有重要作用，可作为诊断生物标志物的潜在来源。近年来，循环外泌体相关生物标志物被广泛研究，这种非侵入性检测方法通过分析外周循环中肿瘤细胞来源的外泌体相关内容物，如核酸、蛋白质、脂质和代谢物等，来反映原发肿瘤的全面信息，简便、精准、实时检测肿瘤进展，有望应用于临床，为结直肠癌的早期筛查和精确诊断提供新的思路。

关键词: 结直肠肿瘤, 外泌体, 生物标志物, 诊断

Colorectal cancer is the third most common malignant tumor worldwide. Early diagnosis can significantly improve patient prognosis and survival rates, but current screening and diagnostic methods have limitations, necessitating the search for new alternatives. Exosomes, as key mediators of intercellular communication and information carriers, play a crucial role in tumor development and progression and can serve as potential sources of diagnostic biomarkers. In recent years, circulating exosome-related biomarkers have been extensively studied. This non-invasive detection method analyzes exosome-related contents derived from tumor cells in peripheral circulation, such as nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and metabolites, to comprehensively reflect information about the primary tumor. It enables simple, precise, and real-time monitoring of tumor progression, showing promise for clinical application and providing new insights for the early screening and accurate diagnosis of colorectal cancer.

Key words: Colorectal neoplasms, Exosomes, Biomarkers, Diagnosis

图1 肿瘤细胞来源外泌体在结直肠癌中的作用机制示意图（作者绘制）

图2 外泌体成分结构示意图（作者绘制）

表1 循环外泌体相关内容物被用作诊断结直肠癌的生物标志物

种类	来源	分子	临床意义	引文
miRNAs	血浆	miR-185- 5 p、miR-125a-3p	水平升高或降低能够区分健康人和结直肠癌患者，是潜在的诊断生物标志物	[18,23]
miRNAs	血清	miR-let-7b-3p、miR-139-3p、miR-let-7a、miR1224-5p、miR-1229、miR-1246、miR-150、miR-21、miR- 223、miR-23a、miR-6803-5p、miR-150-5p、miR-193a		[8,17,19,20,21,22]
circRNAs	血清	circ-0004771、circ-0101802、circ-KLDHC10		[26,27,28]
lncRNAs	血浆	LNCV6-98602、LNCV6-116109、LNCV6-98390、LNCV6-84003		[31]
lncRNAs	血清	LNC-CRNDE-h、LNC02418		[32-33]
DNA	血浆	KRAS		[35]
DNA	血清	KRAS、BRAF		[36]
膜蛋白	血浆	GPC1		[43]
	血清	CD147、CD9		[39]
	全血	CD133、EPCAM		[42]
胞内蛋白	血浆	FGB、β2-GP1		[48]
胞内蛋白	血清	GCLM、KEL、APOF、CFB、PDE5A、ATIC、HSP90		[45,47]
脂质	血浆	PI、PC、PE		[55-56]
代谢物	血清	卟啉、乙醇胺、L-缬氨酸、吡喃葡萄糖、脯氨酸、木糖醇等		[57]
代谢物	细胞	透明质酸		[58]

表1 循环外泌体相关内容物被用作诊断结直肠癌的生物标志物

种类	来源	分子	临床意义	引文
miRNAs	血浆	miR-185- 5 p、miR-125a-3p	水平升高或降低能够区分健康人和结直肠癌患者，是潜在的诊断生物标志物	[18,23]
miRNAs	血清	miR-let-7b-3p、miR-139-3p、miR-let-7a、miR1224-5p、miR-1229、miR-1246、miR-150、miR-21、miR- 223、miR-23a、miR-6803-5p、miR-150-5p、miR-193a		[8,17,19,20,21,22]
circRNAs	血清	circ-0004771、circ-0101802、circ-KLDHC10		[26,27,28]
lncRNAs	血浆	LNCV6-98602、LNCV6-116109、LNCV6-98390、LNCV6-84003		[31]
lncRNAs	血清	LNC-CRNDE-h、LNC02418		[32-33]
DNA	血浆	KRAS		[35]
DNA	血清	KRAS、BRAF		[36]
膜蛋白	血浆	GPC1		[43]
	血清	CD147、CD9		[39]
	全血	CD133、EPCAM		[42]
胞内蛋白	血浆	FGB、β2-GP1		[48]
胞内蛋白	血清	GCLM、KEL、APOF、CFB、PDE5A、ATIC、HSP90		[45,47]
脂质	血浆	PI、PC、PE		[55-56]
代谢物	血清	卟啉、乙醇胺、L-缬氨酸、吡喃葡萄糖、脯氨酸、木糖醇等		[57]
代谢物	细胞	透明质酸		[58]

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Research progress of circulating exosome-related biomarkers in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer

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