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中华结直肠疾病电子杂志 ›› 2018, Vol. 07 ›› Issue (02) : 102 -108. doi: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-3224.2018.02.001

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综合防治,抗击癌症的必由之路——美国癌症数据的启示
郑莹1,(), 周昌明1   
  1. 1. 200032 上海,复旦大学附属肿瘤医院肿瘤预防部
  • 收稿日期:2018-03-11 出版日期:2018-04-25
  • 通信作者: 郑莹
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划资助(No.2016YFC1303200)

Comprehensive strategies, the route leading to cancer prevention and control——What we learned from US Cancer Statistics

Ying Zheng1,(), Changming Zhou1   

  1. 1. Department of Cancer Prevention, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200030, China
  • Received:2018-03-11 Published:2018-04-25
  • Corresponding author: Ying Zheng
  • About author:
    Corresponding author: Zheng Ying, Email:
引用本文:

郑莹, 周昌明. 综合防治,抗击癌症的必由之路——美国癌症数据的启示[J]. 中华结直肠疾病电子杂志, 2018, 07(02): 102-108.

Ying Zheng, Changming Zhou. Comprehensive strategies, the route leading to cancer prevention and control——What we learned from US Cancer Statistics[J]. Chinese Journal of Colorectal Diseases(Electronic Edition), 2018, 07(02): 102-108.

美国在癌症预防和控制上取得了举世瞩目的成就,最重要的表现是过去二十多年癌症死亡率发生了持续下降。通过对中美在总的癌症负担、癌症发展趋势、癌症瘤别构成及其变化、癌症生存率及其变化上的对比分析,发现中国的癌症负担显现出发病率和死亡率双双持续上升、生存率较低的特征,面临老龄化、癌症双重负担、癌症相关行为危险因素普遍流行等挑战,需要采取三级预防并重的综合防控策略,侧重控烟、早筛和提供规范均等的癌症诊疗服务。

Cancer mortality continues to decline in the United States in the past 2 decades, which marks the notable achievement of cancer prevention and control. We compare the difference between US and China in the incidence and mortality and their time trends for all cancer sites and by common cancer site, as well as cancer survival and its trends. We find that the incidence and mortality continues to rise in China, while cancer survival stays lower. Facing the challenge of aging, double burden in cancer, and prevalence of cancer related risk factors, it is urgent to apply three level prevention strategies, put tobacco control, mass screening and clinical cancer care equalization on priority.

图1 中美癌症发病率和死亡率的比较(GLOBOCAN 2012)。CR:Crude Rate,发病率;ASR:Age-standardized Rate,年龄标化发病率
表1 中美恶性肿瘤发病与死亡数的Globocan2012估计和预测与实际比较
图2 美国和中国部分登记点恶性肿瘤发病率长期趋势
表2 中国恶性肿瘤死亡率(1990~2016年)
表3 中国男性前十位常见癌症及与美国比较
表4 中国女性前十位常见癌症及与美国比较
表5 中国和美国常见恶性肿瘤年龄标化5年净生存率比较(Concord-3项目)
肿瘤部位 美国 中国 差异百分比%*
2000–04 2005–09 2010–14 2000–04 2005–09 2010–14
食管 16.5 18.7 20.0 22.9 27.1 29.7 -32.66
(16.1~16.8) (18.4~19.1) (19.6~20.4) (22.0~23.9) (26.5~27.7) (29.0~30.4)
26.2 30.1 33.1 30.2 33.2 35.9 -7.80
(25.8~26.5) (29.7~30.4) (32.7~33.4) (29.3~31.1) (32.7~33.7) (35.3~36.5)
结肠 64.7 65.5 64.9 51.4 55.6 57.6 12.67
(64.5~64.9) (65.3~65.7) (64.7~65.1) (49.6~53.3) (54.6~56.5) (56.6~58.6)
直肠 63.9 64.5 64.1 49.5 52.5 56.9 12.65
(63.5~64.2) (64.1~64.8) (63.7~64.4) (47.5~51.4) (51.5~53.6) (55.8~58.0)
12.5 15.6 17.4 11.7 11.6 14.1 23.40
(12.2~12.8) (15.3~15.9) (17.1~17.7) (10.9~12.5) (11.1~12.0) (13.6~14.7)
胰腺 7.2 8.9 11.5 14.4 10.2 9.9 16.16
(7.0~7.4) (8.7~9.1) (11.3~11.7) (12.8~16.0) (9.4~11.0) (9.1~10.7)
17.0 19.4 21.2 18.7 17.7 19.8 7.07
(16.9~17.1) (19.3~19.5) (21.1~21.3) (18.0~19.4) (17.4~18.1) (19.4~20.2)
皮肤黑色素瘤 88.9 90.4 90.8 35.6 45.5 49.6 83.06
(88.7~89.1) (90.2~90.6) (90.6~91.0) (25.8~45.4) (40.8~50.2) (44.5~54.6)
乳腺 88.9 89.8 90.2 75.9 80.4 83.2 8.41
(88.7~89.0) (89.6~89.9) (90.1~90.4) (70.9~80.9) (79.3~81.5) (82.1~84.3)
宫颈 64.3 63.0 62.6 53.3 63.0 67.6 -7.40
(63.7~64.8) (62.5~63.5) (62.0~63.1) (48.1~58.5) (61.2~64.9) (65.8~69.5)
卵巢 40.4 42.0 43.4 42.4 40.6 41.8 3.83
(40.0~40.7) (41.7~42.4) (43.1~43.8) (38.2~46.6) (38.8~42.5) (39.8~43.7)
前列腺 97.5 98.1 97.4 57.7 62.5 69.2 40.75
(97.3~97.6) (98.0~98.2) (97.3~97.5) (52.3~63.0) (59.9~65.1) (66.4~72.0)
26.8 35.1 36.5 22.7 26.4 32.0 14.06
(26.5~27.1) (34.8~35.4) (36.1~36.8) (20.5~25.0) (25.2~27.7) (30.6~33.5)
白血病 41.0 45.9 46.7 18.6 20.1 24.8 88.31
(40.7~41.3) (45.6~46.2) (46.4~47.0) (15.8~21.5) (18.7~21.4) (23.2~26.4)
淋巴瘤 61.2 66.1 68.1 33.9 35.4 38.3 77.81
(61.0~61.4) (66.0~66.3) (67.9~68.3) (31.6~36.2) (34.2~36.6) (37.0~39.5)
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