结直肠癌是全球最常见的恶性肿瘤之一。本文回顾了全球、中国及美国的结直肠癌统计结果和文献，总结了目前世界、中国及美国结直肠癌的流行病学现状、时间趋势、危险因素及筛查现状，并对比了中国与美国及世界的差异。目前，全球结直肠癌负担依然沉重。尽管中国结直肠癌发病率低于美国等发达国家，但发病率持续上升。由于结直肠癌早期筛查普及率较高，美国等发达国家发病率及死亡率处于下降趋势。中国等发展中国家发病率则逐年上升，应进一步加大结直肠癌筛查范围以降低结直肠癌发病率及死亡率。

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignancies globally. This article reviews global, Chinese, and American colorectal cancer statistics and literature, summarizes the current epidemiological status, temporal trends, risk factors, and screening status worldwide, in China, and the United States, and compares the differences between China, the United States, and the world. Currently, the burden of colorectal cancer remains significant worldwide. Although the incidence of colorectal cancer in China is lower than in developed countries like the United States, it is steadily increasing. Due to the high prevalence of early screening for colorectal cancer, developed countries like the United States have seen a downward trend in both incidence and mortality rates. In contrast, developing countries like China have seen a rise in incidence rates annually, indicating the need to further expand colorectal cancer screening to reduce both incidence and mortality rates.